Industrial Robot End Effector/Dexterous Robot Hand

1. Dexterous Hands
Dexterous hands are high-DOF end effectors that mimic human hands, enabling grasping, twisting, rotating, and other complex tasks for humanoid robots.
2. Clamping-Type End Effectors
These use mechanical grippers to securely hold objects and are commonly used in industrial automation.
3. Vacuum/Suction-Type End Effectors
These use vacuum suction for handling flat or lightweight items such as glass, packaging, and electronics.
4. Specialized End Effectors
Custom-designed tools for specific tasks such as welding, painting, polishing, or surgery.

A. Payload Capacity
Includes the weight of both the end effector and the object being handled. Torque caused by the object’s center of gravity must stay within the robot wrist’s load limit.
B. Degrees of Freedom (DOF)
Basic grippers usually have one DOF (open/close), while complex tasks may require multiple DOFs, increasing flexibility but also cost and control complexity.
C. Precision and Repeatability
High-precision tasks require micron-level repeatability. Electric grippers typically offer better position control than pneumatic ones.
D. Environmental Adaptability
Special designs may be needed for extreme temperatures, cleanrooms, or explosion-proof industrial environments.
E. Tool Changer Systems
Automatic tool changers allow robots to switch tasks quickly through reliable mechanical, electrical, and pneumatic/hydraulic connections.

For humanoid robots to truly replace humans in tasks such as grasping, carrying, assembly, twisting, and manipulation, these actions must ultimately be executed through the “hands.”
As the robot’s end effector, the dexterous hand serves as the direct physical interface between the robot and the external world. Its performance fundamentally determines the practical capability boundaries of the robot.
Without dexterous hands, humanoid robots may be able to “see” and “walk,” but they cannot truly “do.”
This is why Elon Musk has described the dexterous hand as one of the most difficult technical challenges in developing Optimus.

The new-generation modular humanoid dexterous hand, Linker Hand L30, features 22 degrees of freedom across the entire hand, deeply integrating biomimetic principles with advanced mechatronic technologies.
While achieving a highly anthropomorphic design, it also incorporates high-precision control and real-time sensing capabilities. Core joint speeds exceed 400°/s, and full hand opening or closing can be completed in just 0.2 seconds.
Its high-speed motion performance and precise manipulation have impressed audiences at live demonstrations.

HONPINE’s dexterous hand achieves an optimal balance between performance and cost through self-developed low-cost drive modules combined with open-source algorithm frameworks.
This is further supported by China’s well-established supply chain ecosystem. In addition, extensive applications in industrial and medical scenarios provide abundant real-world data for rapid technological iteration. Together, these factors form the core foundation for building a globally competitive “China-based technology solution.”

By leveraging a biomimetic tendon-driven structure, high-precision torque control, and fast dynamic response, HONPINE dexterous hands demonstrate exceptional fine manipulation capabilities.
They fully showcase the technical advantages of multi-DoF coordination and force-controlled perception, enabling precise, stable, and dexterous robotic hand operations.

Passive Degrees of Freedom (DoF):
These degrees of freedom are not directly actuated by motors. Instead, motion is transmitted through mechanical elements such as gears, tendons, or linkages, allowing adaptive movement driven by external forces or coupled joints.
Active Degrees of Freedom (DoF):
These degrees of freedom are directly and automatically controlled by motors, enabling precise, programmable motion and force control.

The hand itself does not integrate a built-in vision sensor. However, an external vision module can be added to enable visual perception.
For tactile perception, capacitive or piezoresistive (resistive) sensing pads are required to detect contact, pressure, and interaction forces.

The specifications of the piezoresistive and capacitive sensors will be provided according to your specific product configuration and selection requirements.

Yes, we offer teleoperation gloves, and their pricing is more competitive than most alternatives on the market.

HONPINE’s dexterous hand achieves an optimal balance between performance and cost through self-developed low-cost drive modules combined with open-source algorithm frameworks.
This is further supported by China’s well-established supply chain ecosystem. In addition, extensive applications in industrial and medical scenarios provide abundant real-world data for rapid technological iteration. Together, these factors form the core foundation for building a globally competitive “China-based technology solution.”

By leveraging a biomimetic tendon-driven structure, high-precision torque control, and fast dynamic response, HONPINE dexterous hands demonstrate exceptional fine manipulation capabilities.
They fully showcase the technical advantages of multi-DoF coordination and force-controlled perception, enabling precise, stable, and dexterous robotic hand operations.

The new-generation modular humanoid dexterous hand, Linker Hand L30, features 22 degrees of freedom across the entire hand, deeply integrating biomimetic principles with advanced mechatronic technologies.
While achieving a highly anthropomorphic design, it also incorporates high-precision control and real-time sensing capabilities. Core joint speeds exceed 400°/s, and full hand opening or closing can be completed in just 0.2 seconds.
Its high-speed motion performance and precise manipulation have impressed audiences at live demonstrations.

In robotics, an end effector is the tool attached to the end of a robotic arm that interacts with the external environment. Also known as End-of-Arm Tooling (EOAT), it is defined by ISO standards as a device connected to the robot arm via a flange for task execution, and is not considered part of the robot arm itself.

In robot kinematics, the end effector is essentially the robot’s “hand.” The coordinate system attached to it is called the tool frame, whose origin is typically defined as the Tool Center Point (TCP). Users can also customize the TCP for specific tasks, such as setting the tip of a welding nozzle as the TCP in robotic welding.

Common end effectors include grippers, tool changers, welding guns, suction cups, and spray guns. Sensors can also be integrated to improve task performance and precision.